Descartes And Nietzsche Views On Human Nature Philosophy Essay

Descartes And Nietzsche Views On Human Nature Philosophy Essay The French philosopher, Renee Descartes wrote his famous book Meditations on First Philosophy and first published in 1641. The book consists of six meditations where Descartes writes all his beliefs, queries and concerns about the uncertain things and the things that he is sure about. In his meditations, he discussed the human nature and the human beings in depth explaining his belief that mind and body are separate and his famous cogito I think, I exist. First of all, the human nature for Descartes is composed of mind and body and how they are distinct from each other. In the Sixth mediation Concerning the Existence of Material Things and the Real distinction between Mind and Body, Descartes mentioned that the body and the soul are not alike and called his thesis mind-body dualism. The mind- Body dualism explains that the body and mind can perceive things clearly apart from each other because God creates everything distinct and independent from each other. He referred to the mind as I; therefore he reached an argument that he is a thinking thing A thing that doubts, understands, affirms, denies, is willing, is unwilling and also imagines and has sensory perceptions (Descartes). Therefore, the mind is a non-extended thing, indivisible clear and different from the body while the body is an extended, divisible and non thinking thing. The nature of a body for Descartes can understand and perceive the shape of other bodies. The essence or the nature of the mind can distinguish between the power of imagination and understating where imagination is the picturing of things and understanding is the perception of things without comprehension. The second view of Descartes was concerning the human being; he referred to the cogito I think, I exist as being the essence of the existence of a human being. Therefore, a human being exists and is capable of thinking; Descartes affirms that a human being is a substantial union , a unified entity of a body and mind where each on e of them is separate and this assumption leads to the human nature and the distinction between body and mind. He also argued that a something exists because there is something already exists and creates it; this leads to his arguments about the existence of God as being perfect who creates a human being. We, as human beings, are not infinite or perfect beings and we are susceptible of committing errors and mistakes because we dont have the unlimited ability to recognize the truth. Referring to Friedrich Nietzsche and his book twilight of the Idols, he was against the philosophy of Descartes the mind- body dualism and that the body and mind are separate and also rejected the Christianity doctrines which deny the ideology of a human being. He affirms that the mind and body are one entity and are one aspect of the nature of human beings. He mentioned that a human being can define himself by having the will to life which leads to the will to power. He described the will to power as being the driving force for achievement and leadership by the human beings in face of the miseries of human nature. The doctrines of Nietzsche regarding the will to power and the will to life contradict the doctrines of Christianity; therefore, Nietzsche was against Christianity as being an anti-life weak. Christianity teachings promote self-sacrifice, devotion and quietude which denies the values of human being and their driving force will to power. He also mentioned that human beings are having innate human natures and desire. The desires existing within us form and define the state of the human being; a reasonable, strong human being can control himself and avoid drawbacks in life and a weak human being is the one who doesnt have self-control and denies these desires or passions. Therefore, Nietzsche concludes that a human have to accommodate with his human nature and passions which eventually leads to the greatest moralities. Based on the two platonic dialogues (Apology and Phaedo), discuss the relationship of the philosopher with the polis. In addition to the political community of the City of Athens, Socrates is pointing to another community, what do you think is the significance of this Socratic gesture? The polis is the city-state of the Greek civilization; the city states in Greece were small communities and were male-dominated. The citizens of the polis were the elite groups while slaves, peasants, women and resident aliens were not part of the structure of citizens. The citizens involvement in the Polis was directed towards politics, intellectual discussions and art contributions. The Greek philosophers examined basic questions such as the nature of good and evil, the after-life, wisdom and other issues. The art of politics was closely related to the logos or logic; the polis witnessed the management of language, the excellence of speeches, the discussions of the polis issues. The relation between the philosopher and the polis was an unstable relation due to the corruption of the Greek polis and the unjust ruling of the elite groups. Plato and Aristotle were the most famous and well-known philosophers at that time and they had a great influence on the Greek polis. As we know Plat o was a student of Socrates therefore he was influenced by his teacher to the greatest extent. The affection of Socrates on Plato is clear and plain in Platos dialogues. Plato showed his interest in the polis in his book the republic by discussing the necessary fundamentals of a welfare society; the spiritual, mental and physical development of one citizen contributes to the overall benefit of one society. In The Republic, Plato discussed many topics for example justice, ethics, nature of politics and statesmanship. He also critiqued the existing status of the polis, its institutions and its political order. For Plato, the polis is ruled by self-interest rulers (elite groups) who are seeking lust in power and strength, thus the polis is disordered community ruled by self-interest rulers who claim possessing the knowledge but in fact they are ignorant, unwise and do not how to rule or govern the citys affairs because they are driven by their desires and appetites for power. Referring to Socrates trial, Plato condemned the rulers of the polis and so called the Athenian democracy upon the death of Socrates. Aristotle in his famous book Politics expressed his views concerning the Polis or the Greek community. He classified the government as being: monarchy or tyranny, aristocracy or oligarchy, law abiding or lawless democracy. Aristotle also explained the prevailing problems in the polis concerning the poverty and slavery; he saw that the best performing polis is the city that combines between democracy, legitimacy and just rules. Obviously, the Greek polis at that time was lacking the three components of Aristotles beliefs about a welfare and prosperous polis. Aside from Plato and Aristotle, the sophists were part of the Greek community; they were responsible of teaching the Athenians sons for a free. They were excellent in rhetoric and speech skills; they possessed the art of public speaking and the persuasion skills too; the least the sophists cared about was t he truth. In Platos dialogues, Socrates addressed the Men of Athens as a corrupt community who are ignorant and do not know how to govern the city justly under fair rules. The community which Socrates is part of was corrupt, condemning him to a death sentence because of allegations made by Meletus and his followers. Socrates was accused falsely as being a bad teacher who is poising the youths minds and not believing in the god and goddesses of Athens. For Socrates, the Athenian Community was a lawless community controlled by judges who dont apply the law that they sworn to do. He also pointed to another community which evokes inquires and questions of Socrates along the two dialogues; it was the community where Socrates can find justice, tranquility and fairness with dead true judges. He described them in his queries about the after-life; Socrates said in his trial that he is not afraid of death. He described death an easy and a blessing thing from God; he also was conceived that a good man cannot be harmed in life or death and his good deeds and affairs will save him in the afterlife. He also believed that he will be moved to a peaceful place where he will be re-united with the dead community who has good deeds too in heaven. He was content that he will be in the companion of famous and wise heroes like Orpheus and Musaeus, Hesiod and Homer and will continue practicing his philosophy with them. Finally, I think that the significance of the Socratic gesture about the dead community is his way of trying to glorify the concept of death as being a benevolent and peaceful thing not a tragedy or fearful as the living community think who lamented on his death sentence and his separation from the living world. He also tries to picture that the other place in after life is a perfect place where he will be meet honest women and men which is totally opposite to the Greek community as being corrupt and unlawful at that time.

Lessons Learned and to be learned

Background: Managing Total Technology was the first simulation course I have ever enrolled for. From the very beginning of the course, I knew that it will a very interesting course and indeed, I find it to be a successful, memorable and exciting way of education. Part 1: Honestly speaking I took the simulation very easy in the beginning. But as we move in to week 3, I started to realize that we really need to imply ourselves if we need to do better in the simulation. There are several key learnings that I take from this simulation course, such as; 1. Fundamental Knowledge: First of all, I would say, to do a business or to make a decision, one should seek knowledge regarding that business or position. One should do homework before thinking about playing any role in the business scenario. Seeking fundamental knowledge is the first step. 2. Do not Limit yourself: It is pivotal to know your business environment well and remember, business understanding it is not limited to the area you are responsible for. One should know the overall strategy of the company and the circumstances in which the company is working. The manager, regardless of his/her role in the company should be aware of the challenges company is currently facing in achieving its goals and objectives. 3. Be a Guru: When you are responsible for making decision in one of the area of the company, it is of utmost important that you acquire all the technical and non-technical expertise in that area. Ideally, nobody should be more aware than you in that particular field so that you can make the decision confidently and that people respect your decision and don’t challenge it without knowing the depth of it. 4. Competitve Intelligence is Key Always make well informed decisions. Look for the weaknesses of the competition. Consistently track their performance and their financial situation so that you are well aware in advance if they are in a situation where you can take advantage and consolidate your position in the market place. 5. Be a Visionary You cannot be a successful manager or CEO if you are unable to look in to the futu re and make decision according to the future challenges. You have to keep one eye at the long term objectives of the organization and plan accordingly. Learn from the mistakes and make tactical changes but never alter your long term strategy because you fail in achieving one or two of your short term goals. Part 2: Key Take Aways: A. Strategic Thinking: One of the top learnings from the simulation is the importance of strategic thinking. When we started the simulation, we thought that only one segment, High-Tech, will be good enough to become leader in the overall simulation and it proved wrong. We knew in the middle of the simulation but stuck to our initial strategy which I guess was the right thing to do because eventually High-Tech market is the future. B. Leadership Qualities It sounds like an extension of the first point Strategic Thinking, but it is actually not. I have learned from this simulation that a company is defined by the definition of its CEO. Leadership plays an important role in driving all the areas of business and it requires special capabilities to perform as a leader. Leadership is not about making final decisions it is about making the right decision at the right time. I want to learn how I can be a successful leader in the field of marketing and sales, which is my passion.

The Generation Of Hispanic Leaders - 1589 Words

mission of CHCI is to develop the next generation of Latino leaders. How can leadership be developed within the Latino community? What current Latino leaders are making a difference in your state or community? The presence of Latino leaders in all levels of government is necessary in order to have advocates who will represent the needs of the Latino community. Although the Latino population is on the rise and quickly becoming one of the largest ethnic minorities in the United States, the ethnic and racial backgrounds of leaders in government positions are not reflective of our nation’s diversity. Leadership can be developed within the Latino community by individuals who are active participants, have strong roots in their community, and†¦show more content†¦Raised in Arvin and one of my former classmates, Gurrola comes from a family of Mexican immigrants and understands the disparities my community faces. In an effort to increase access to higher education, Gurrola contributed to the passage of a county proposition allocating funds to establish a community college campus in Arvin. Additionally, he has collaborated with community organizations by increasing access to clean dr inking water and has demonstrated support towards immigrant rights when announcing the city would not use its resources to enforce deportation orders. As a result of his election, Mayor Gurrola has worked to unite my community and encourage youth participation in the process. Following his example, Arvin’s city council has seen the addition of three young Latinas who also ran for city government positions with the vision to improve our community. With their leadership, the mayor and city council members of Arvin have provided residents with a platform to voice their opinions and increase civic participation. Overall, these leaders have used their political role for the public good by taking the initiative to improve the living conditions of Latino residents in the community of Arvin. 2) Please discuss a current public policy issue that is relevant and timely for the Latino community and explain why this is important to the nation. AShow MoreRelatedHispanic Administration Essay833 Words   |  4 Pagesmillion Hispanic citizens who comprise nearly 17 percent of the entire population. Despite this, Hispanic public administrators only hold 34 out of 435 Congressional seats and 4 out of 100 Senate seats. However, Hispanic leaders are making inroads into the United States political system and paving the way to represent their peers on local and national levels. In conjunction with public supporters and community groups, these professionals are inspiring the next generation of Hispanic leaders and makingRead MoreHispanics and the Religious Landscape1167 Words   |  5 PagesStatement of the Problem Hispanics are transforming the nation’s religious landscape, not only because of their increasing numbers but also because they are practicing a distinctive form of Christianity. Religious expressions associated with the Pentecostal and Charismatic movements are a key attribute of worship for Hispanics in many of the major religious traditions — far more so than among non-Latinos. Moreover, the growth of the Hispanic population is leading to the emergence of Latino-orientedRead MoreRacism in America Essay examples1182 Words   |  5 PagesNaps! End of list. by denis leary. is there such a thing called equal right in this modern generation. freedom is overrated in the united state. slave has been abolish, racism is over, the civil rights movement ended segregation, so why are color teens been targeted. in the presentation Fourteen Example of Racism in criminal justice system by Fania Halirou. it about how color people including black and hispanic are been treated unfai rly by the justice system of America. the us constitution createdRead MoreThe Effects Of Hispanic Radio On American Society1132 Words   |  5 Pagesalways played an inherent role in the development of societies around the world. Before the mobile first generation, and even the television, the radio was the device that families would allow into their home and embrace as a connection to the outside world. With no exception to this rule, Hispanic radio has shaped the growing minorities role in American society ever since its boom. Hispanic radio has been the unifying force between Latino communities, which provided them with culturally relevantRead MoreHelath Promotion Eassy792 Words   |  4 Pagesthe same ethnic background and take over the tradition and culture from generation to generation. Looking at someone’s heritage, it includes traditional health methods how a particular ethnic background people to maintain health, protect health and restore health. I would like to discuss about health traditions; health maintenance, health protection and health restoration among with three different culture; Philippine, Hispanic and Japanese. Health Maintenance Read MoreSalt of the Earth: An Analysis of Themes677 Words   |  3 Pagesprovides some historical background on how Hispanic rights were violated by white industrialists. The land where the mine is located was once owned by members of the local Mexican-American community, however the Zinc Company moved in, took over the property and offered them the choice of moving or accepting employment at low wage. Additionally, the workers are enticed to live in management-owned houses and buy at management-owned stores. The homes of the Hispanics are shacks compared to those of theirRead MoreThe Roots Of Identity And Denial1279 Words   |  6 Pagesdifferent from the rest. Person self identity depends on who you ask, it also with grandparents identifying themselves differently than the future generation. Our identity is defined, since our birth. We are born into a culture and language because the instructions were attach already to our parents. Culture is passed on from generation to generation. Every stage of our life, we learn the importance and meanings of our family ethic, values, religion, and norms that will follow throughout our lifeRead MoreGraduation Speech : Changing Demographics1587 Words   |  7 PagesBackground: Changing Demographics In 2016, department leaders will be challenged with our nation’s changing demographics, a dramatic change from the beginning of the twenty first century. The average college student was a recent high school graduate, white, middle class, male or female, satisfactory grades and understanding, and straight (the stereo typical all American). College enrollment was steady; students were graduating and entering college on a consistent level. A report was releasedRead MoreThe New York Times By Steven Greenhouse Spreads Light On Discrimination1179 Words   |  5 Pagesbigotry and unfair treatment of people all over the country. Ignorant of the fact that their parents, grandparents, and past generations alike are foreign to the land they live in and were immigrants to America themselves. When in fact according to a MIP study â€Å"approximately 80 million people, or one quarter of the overall U.S. population, is first or second generation immigrants†. The discrimination is vast and touches every surface of society. One article in the New York Times by Steven GreenhouseRead MoreDid You End Up Working For A Company Based On Credit Unions : Case Study746 Words   |  3 Pages1. How did you end up working for a company focused on helping credit unions serve the Hispanic market? In 2014, I was a participant of the Latina Leadership Initiative, a leadership program for young Latina women in Iowa. Miriam De Dios, Coopera’s CEO, presented about the struggles and opportunities in the underbanked and unbanked Hispanic market. I could relate to her presentation as I grew up in an underbanked household. I was intrigued by the topic and by her personal story. I reached out to

Introducing the National Multiple Sclerosis Society into...

Introducing the National Multiple Sclerosis Society into Singapore The National Multiple Sclerosis Society is a non- profit organization that supports MS related research and provides programs for people with MS and their families. Multiple Sclerosis is an auto- immune disease. It is a chronic and often disabling disease that attacks the central nervous system. The mission statement of the National Multiple Sclerosis Society is to end the devastating effects of multiple sclerosis. The funds that are provided by the society are used in research, programs, and education. The Society helps to raise the awareness of Multiple Sclerosis around the world. (Reference 6) The Multiple Sclerosis Society is a worldwide organization that provides†¦show more content†¦Republic of Singapore Singapore was founded as a trading colony by the British in 1819 and became and independent country in 1965. Today Singapore is one of the world’s most prosperous countries. Singapore is located in Southeastern Asia. It is not a very large country and is compared in size as being â€Å" slightly more than 3.5 times the size of Washington D.C.†(Reference 1) The People and Culture The population of Singapore comes to 4,151,264 and consist of many different ethnic groups, such as, Chinese, Malay, India, along with other groups. Singapore has four Chinese 77% Malay 14% Indian 7.6% Other 1.4% Official languages-Chinese, Malay (the national language) Tamil, and English. Because of Singapore’s diverse ethnic groups the people of Singapore practice different religions, including, Buddhism (Chinese), Muslim (Malays), Christianity, Hindu, Taoists, and Confucianism. The people of Singapore celebrate their culture with festivals according to different religions. Singaporean culture is a mix of many different nationalities and though Singapore is increasingly developing its own identity many people still hold on to the customs of their ancestors. Singapore has also been considered the food capital of Asia offering a mix of Chinese,Show MoreRelatedThe National Multiple Sclerosis Society in Singapore1921 Words   |  8 PagesIntroduction: The National Multiple Sclerosis Society In Singapore The National Multiple Sclerosis Society is a non- profit organization that supports MS related research and provides programs for people with MS and their families. Multiple Sclerosis is an auto- immune disease. It is a chronic and often disabling disease that attacks the central nervous system. The mission statement of the National Multiple Sclerosis Society is to end the devastating effects of multiple sclerosis. The funds thatRead MoreDamodaran Book on Investment Valuation, 2nd Edition398423 Words   |  1594 PagesEquity Models Chapter 15: Firm Valuation: Cost of Capital and APV Approaches Chapter 16: Estimating Equity Value Per Share Chapter 17: Fundamental Principles of Relative Valuation Chapter 18: Earnings Multiples Chapter 19: Book Value Multiples Chapter 20: Revenue and Sector-Specific Multiples Chapter 21: Valuing Financial Service Firms Chapter 22: Valuing Firms with Negative Earnings Chapter 23: Valuing Young and Start-up Firms Chapter 24: Valuing Private Firms Chapter 25: Acquisitions and TakeoversRead MoreLeadership for Health and Social Care and Children65584 Words   |  263 Pages7) 222 Promote awareness of sensory loss (SS 5.2) Support the use of assistive technology (SS 5.3) Explore models of disability (SS 5.4) Support individuals with sensory loss with communication (SS 5.5) 226 228 231 233 Support individuals with multiple conditions and/or disabilities (SS 5.6) 236 Support children s speech, language and communication (EYMP5) 239 Understand the needs of children and young people who are vulnerable and experiencing poverty and disadvantage (CYPOP 17) 243 ProvidingRead MoreGsk Annual Report 2010135604 Words   |  543 Pagesof world pharmaceutical market. (Source: IMS Health) 3 Leading presence in Consumer Healthcare global categories: OTC, Oral Care, Nutritionals. Financial statements P102–P191 GSK’s business model A balanced, synergistic business, with multiple growth drivers supporting a core pharmaceutical RD operation. Responsible business Malaria vaccine Potentially the ï ¬ rst malaria vaccine with phase III trials ongoing in 7 African countries. 300 million Commitment to supply 300m doses of Synï ¬â€šorixRead MoreStrategic Marketing Management337596 Words   |  1351 PagesLoughborough University and Colin Gilligan Professor of Marketing Sheffield Hallam University and Visiting Professor, Northumbria University AMSTERDAM †¢ BOSTON †¢ HEIDELBERG †¢ LONDON †¢ NEW YORK †¢ OXFORD PARIS †¢ SAN DIEGO †¢ SAN FRANCISCO †¢ SINGAPORE †¢ SYDNEY †¢ TOKYO Elsevier Butterworth-Heinemann Linacre House, Jordan Hill, Oxford OX2 8DP 200 Wheeler Road, Burlington, MA 01803 First published 1992 Second edition 1997 Reprinted 1998, 1999, 2001, 2003 Third edition 2005 Copyright  © 1992, 1997